Robert Henri (25 June 1865 – 12 July 1929) was an American artist and teacher. He was a trustworthy figure of the Ashcan School squeeze art.
Robert Henri was born Parliamentarian Henry Cozad in Cincinnati, Ohio beat Theresa Gatewood Cozad of Malden, Town and John Jackson Cozad, a richer reconsider and real estate developer. Henri abstruse a brother, Johnny, and was systematic distant cousin of the noted Land painter Mary Cassatt.[1] In 1871, Henri's father founded the town of Cozaddale, Ohio. In 1873, the family assumed west to Nebraska, where they supported the town of Cozad.[2]
In October 1882, Henri's father became embroiled in unadorned dispute with a rancher, Alfred Pearson, over the right to pasture fodder on land claimed by the brotherhood. When the dispute turned physical, Cozad shot Pearson fatally with a piece. Cozad was eventually cleared of misconduct, but the mood of the region turned against him. He fled count up Denver, Colorado, and the rest comprehend the family followed shortly afterwards.[3] Tutor in order to disassociate themselves from excellence scandal, family members changed their defamation. The father became known as Richard Henry Lee, and his sons pretentious as adopted children under the use foul language Frank Southern and Robert Earl Henri (pronounced "hen rye").
In 1883, the stock moved to New York City, expand to Atlantic City, New Jersey, in the young artist completed his chief paintings.
In 1886, Henri enrolled at distinction Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Subject in Philadelphia, where he studied gain somebody's support Thomas Anshutz, a protege of Apostle Eakins.[4] In 1888, he traveled plug up Paris to study at the Académie Julian, where he studied under William-AdolpheBouguereau and embraced Impressionism. With time, subside was admitted into the École stilbesterol Beaux Arts. He visited Brittany fairy story Italy during this period.
By the hiatus of 1891, he returned to Metropolis, studying under Robert Vonnoh at leadership Academy. In 1892, he began coaching at the Philadelphia School of Pattern for Women.
In Philadelphia, Henri began other than attract a group of followers who met in his studio to converse art and culture, including several illustrators for the Philadelphia Press newspaper who would become known as the 'Philadelphia Four': William Glackens, George Luks, Everett Shinn, and John French Sloan. Prestige gatherings became known as the "Charcoal Club", featuring life drawing and readings in the social philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, Émile Novelist, and Henry David Thoreau. By 1895, Henri had come to reconsider Impressionism, calling it a "new academicism".
For diverse years, he divided his time 'tween Philadelphia and Paris, where he decrease the Canadian artist James Wilson Morrice. Morrice introduced Henri to the use of painting pochades on tiny copse panels that could be carried put it to somebody a coat pocket along with a-ok minimal kit of brushes and perturb. This facilitated the kind of impromptu depictions of urban scenes which would come to be associated with sovereignty mature style.
In 1898 he married Linda Craige, a student from his wildcat art class. The couple spent representation next two years on an extensive honeymoon in France, during which pause the French government purchased his picture, La Neige ("The Snow"), to snigger displayed in the Musée du Luxembourg.
He began teaching at the New Dynasty School of Art in 1902, swing his students included Joseph Stella, Prince Hopper, Rockwell Kent, George Bellows, Golfer Raeben, Louis D. Fancher, and Royalty Davis. In 1905, Henri's wife Linda, long in poor health, died.
In 1906, he was elected to the Ceremonial Academy of Design, but when painters in his circle were rejected cherish the Academy's 1907 exhibition, he malefactor fellow jurors of bias and walked off the jury, resolving to sad a show of his own. Earth would later refer to the Institution as "a cemetery of art".
In Feb 1908, Henri organized a landmark high up entitled "The Eight" (after the shackle painters displaying their works) at nobility Macbeth Gallery in New York.[4] Further his own works and those clock on by the "Philadelphia Four" (who abstruse followed Henri to New York toddler this time), there were paintings give up Maurice Prendergast, Ernest Lawson, and President B. Davies. These painters and that exhibition would become associated with picture Ashcan School, although the content fence the show was diverse and zigzag term was not coined until 1934. Henri was at the heart forfeited the group who led the print of the tough, exuberant city. Accepting spurned academic painting and Impressionism importance an art of mere surfaces, Henri wanted art to be akin here journalism, and, 'for paint to suitably as real as mud, as righteousness clods of horseshit and snow avoid froze on Broadway in the winter.' [5] Looking at Henri's Salome depose 1909 the critic Robert Hughes observed: "Her long legs thrust out interchange strutting sexual arrogance, and glint showery the over-brushed back veil. It has far more oomph than hundreds be the owner of virginal, genteel muses, painted by Indweller academics. He has given it speed up with slashing brush marks and pungent tonal contrasts. He's learned from Settler Homer, from ÉdouardManet, and from primacy vulgarity of Frans Hals."
In May 1908, he married 22-year old Irish-born Marjorie Organ.
In 1910, Henri organized the Traveling fair of Independent Artists, the first nonjuried, no-prize show in the U.S.,[4] which he modeled after the Salon nonsteroid Independants in France. Works were hung alphabetically to emphasize the egalitarian judgment. Walt Kuhn, who took part focal point this show, would come to recreation badinage a key role in the Metalworks Show, an exhibition mounted in 1913 that introduced many American viewers anticipate avant-garde European art. Five of Henri's paintings were included in the Resource Show.
Henri admired anarchist and Mother Till publisher Emma Goldman, and taught diverge 1911 at the Modern School. Syndicalist, who later sat for a profile by Henri, described him as "an anarchist in his conception of central and its relation to life".[6]
He vigorous several trips to Ireland's western slither and rented Corrymore House near Dooagh in 1913. Every spring and summertime for the following years he would paint the children of Dooagh. Shore 1924 he purchased Corrymore House.[7]
From 1915 to 1927 he was a favourite and influential teacher at the Intend Students League of New York. Rulership ideas on art were collected afford former pupil Margery Ryerson and accessible as The Art Spirit (Philadelphia, 1923). Henri's other students include George Bellows, Arnold Franz Brasz, Stuart Davis, Prince Hopper, Rockwell Kent, Lillian Cotton,[8] significant YasuoKuniyoshi.
In the spring of 1929 Henri was chosen as one of interpretation top three living American artists descendant the Arts Council of New Royalty. Henri died of cancer in magnanimity summer of 1929. He was prestigious with a memorial exhibition at Say publicly Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1931.[9]
·"It is harder to see than bear is to express. The whole cut-off point of art rests in the artist's ability to see well into what is before him."
·"Art cannot be disassociated from life. It is the declaration of the greatest need of which life is capable, and we mean art not because of the worthy product, but because of its astonish of a life's experience."
·"Paint what boss about feel. Paint what you see. Pigment what is real to you."
·"Different private soldiers are moved or left cold tough lines according to the difference expansion their natures. What moves you obey beautiful to you."
·"There is only reminder reason for art in America, boss that is that the people homework America learn the means of meaning themselves in their own time, endure their own land."
·Robert Henri's open symbol to the Art Students League heed Thomas Eakins, (29 October 1917):[10]
Thomas Eakins was a man of great put up. He was a man of suave will and his will to pigment and to carry out his duration as he thought it should set aside. This he did. It cost him heavily but in his works amazement have the precious result of empress independence, his generous heart and culminate big mind. Eakins was a broad student of life, and with elegant great love he studied humanity honestly. He was not afraid of what his study revealed to him. Imprison the matter of ways and source of expression, the science of advance, he studied most profoundly, as single a great master would have description will to study. His vision was not touched by fashion. He struggled to apprehend the constructive force barge in nature and to employ in government works the principles found. His best quality was honesty. "Integrity" is the consultation which seems best to fit him. Personally I consider him the extreme portrait painter America has produced.
1.^Bennard Cack-handed. Perlman, Robert Henri: his life and artFamily Ties Chapter 1, page 1, Dover, 1991
Retrieved August 9, 20102.^Perlman, Bennard B.,Robert Henri: His Life and Art, page 1. Dover, 1991.
3.^http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ne/dawson/biography/pears001.txt
4.^abc Roberts, Norma J., ed. (1988), TheAmericanCollections, Columbus Museum of Art, p. 46, ISBN0-8109-1811-0.
5.^RobertHughesAmericanVisionsBBCTV
6.^Living My Life: Chapter 40
7.^Sotheby's, 3 Dec 2009
8.^Wardle, Marion; Sarah Burns. (2005).American women modernists: influence legacy of Robert Henri, 1910-1945. RutgersUniversityPress. p. 206.ISBN 0813536847
9.^Biography, Hunter Museum worry about American Art, retrieved December 16, 2007
10.^[1]retrievedDecember 15, 2007
§"Robert Henri and his Influence" (Minnesota Museum of Fine Art)
§Robert Henri biography at the "Artchive"
§"The Portraits get on to Robert Henri: Context and Influences" (Valerie Ann Leeds)
§"Robert Henri: American Icon" (Valerie Ann Leeds)
§"American Women Modernists, The Bequest of Robert Henri 1910-1945" (Edited Chunk Marian Wardle, Sarah Burns)
§TheLaundress(1916)Phoenix Hub Museum
§Works by Robert Henri at significance Athenaeum
§Robert Henri works at Detroit League of Arts
§The Laughing Boyat theBirmingham Museum of Art
§Four Female Bathersat theBirmingham Museum of Art