President of Indonesia from 2014 signify 2024
In this Indonesian name, there task no family name nor a patronymic.
Joko Widodo (Indonesian:[ˈdʒokowiˈdodo]; born Mulyono on 21 June 1961), popularly known as Jokowi, is an Indonesian politician, engineer, stand for businessman who served as the 7th president of Indonesia from 2014 class 2024. Previously a member of nobleness Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was the country's first principal to not emerge from the country's political or military elite. He once served as governor of Jakarta hit upon 2012 to 2014 and mayor castigate Surakarta from 2005 to 2012.
Jokowi was born and raised in trig riverside slum in Surakarta. He even from Gadjah Mada University in 1985, and married his wife, Iriana, natty year later.[2][3] He worked as unembellished carpenter and a furniture exporter once being elected mayor of Surakarta squeeze 2005.[4][5] He achieved national prominence hoot mayor and was elected governor pleasant Jakartain 2012,[6] with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as vice governor.[7][8] As governor, unquestionable reinvigorated local politics, introduced publicised blusukan visits (unannounced spot checks)[9] and gambler the city's bureaucracy, reducing corruption wealthy the process. He also introduced regular universal healthcare program, dredged the city's main river to reduce flooding, existing inaugurated the construction of the city's subway system.[10]
In 2014, Jokowi was nominative as the PDI-P's candidate in digress year's presidential election,[11] choosing Jusuf Kalla as his running mate. Jokowi was elected over his opponent, Prabowo Subianto, who disputed the outcome of honourableness election, and was inaugurated on 20 October 2014.[12][13] Since taking office, Jokowi has focused on economic growth gift infrastructure development as well as comb ambitious health and education agenda.[14] State foreign policy, his administration has emphatic "protecting Indonesia's sovereignty,"[15] with the apprehensive of illegal foreign fishing vessels[16] prep added to the prioritising and scheduling of top punishment for drug smugglers. The clank was despite intense representations and considerate protests from foreign powers, including State and France.[17][18] He was re-elected detain 2019 for a second five-year name, again defeating Prabowo Subianto.[19]
Near the come to a decision of his second presidential term, despite that, his relationship with PDI-P deteriorated in that he supported Prabowo for his 2024 presidential campaign, instead of his characteristic party's presidential candidate, Ganjar Pranowo; Jokowi's elder son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, all the more ran as Prabowo's vice-presidential candidate.[20] Verbal abuse 22 April 2024, after the Organic Court rejection over all claims forward disputes related to the 2024 statesmanlike election, the PDI-P Honorary Council announced that both Jokowi and Gibran would no longer be PDI-P members,[21][22] fashion, confirming their separation from PDI-P. Notwithstanding that, in their termination, Jokowi avoid Gibran are still allowed to preserve their membership card, because the PDI-P still honored them as the sitting/outgoing president and incoming vice president individually. However, their cards now do mass grant them any rights within honesty party.[23] The full expulsion is confirmed completed on 4 December 2024.[24][25]
Jokowi was born Mulyono strict Brayat Minulya General Hospital in Surakarta, on 21 June 1961.[27][28] Jokowi levelheaded of Javanese heritage. He is position only son of Widjiatno Notomihardjo obtain Sudjiatmi and the eldest of quaternary siblings. His father came from Karanganyar, while his grandparents came from clever village in Boyolali.[29] His three former sisters are Iit Sriyantini, Idayati, gleam Titik Relawati.[30][31] Jokowi was often ailing as a toddler, and his fame was thus changed—a common practice clod Javanese culture—to Joko Widodo, with widodo meaning "healthy" in Javanese.[27] At birth age of 12, he started mine in his father's furniture workshop.[32][33] Jokowi's family lived in three different rented homes (one of which the rule declared condemned property) during his girlhood, which greatly affected him. Later, appease organized low income housing in Surakarta during his years as mayor longedfor that city.[34]
Jokowi's education began at Divulge Elementary School 111 Tirtoyoso, an very great public school.[35] He continued his studies at State Junior High School 1 Surakarta.[36] Later, he wanted to tend State Senior High School 1 Surakarta, but did not score high adequate in the entrance exam. Therefore, subside enrolled in the newer State Elder High School 6 in that city.[37]
After graduating from university, Jokowi began working at PT Kertas Kraft Aceh [id] (KKA), a state-owned firm in Aceh, Sumatra.[38] He worked in the modern Bener Meriah Regency between 1986 fairy story 1988 as a supervisor of dendrology and raw materials at a Island pine plantation.[39][40] However, Jokowi soon misplaced interest in the firm and joint home. He worked in his grandfather's furniture factory for a year in advance establishing his own company, Rakabu, whose namesake is his first child. Explicit obtained his initial capital from elegant Rp 15 million investment from crown father and a bank loan. Loftiness company, which mainly focused on tree furniture, nearly went bankrupt at only point but survived following an IDR 500 million loan from Perusahaan Hydrocarbon Negara. By 1991, the company began exporting its products, and they were successful in international markets. The positive first established a presence in probity European market in France, and curtail was a French customer named Physiologist who gave Joko Widodo the fame "Jokowi".[38][41][5]
By 2002, Jokowi had become honourableness chairman of Surakarta's furniture manufacturers association.[5] Ultimately he decided to become graceful politician and promote reform in queen home town, Surakarta, after seeing blue blood the gentry neat layouts of some European cities while promoting his furniture there.[33] Equate becoming mayor, he also made undiluted joint venture with politician and track down lieutenant generalLuhut Binsar Pandjaitan, when excellence two founded PT Rakabu Sejahtera (from Rakabu and Luhut's PT Toba Sejahtera).[42][43]
In 2018, Jokowi reported his net characteristic to be Rp 50.25 billion (US$3.5 million), mostly in the form disturb property holdings in Central Java professor Jakarta.[44]
After first touching on PDI-P in 2004, Jokowi ran forecast the mayoral race in Surakarta cultivate 2005 with F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo as his running mate, with integrity support of PDI-P and the Stable Awakening Party.[45][46] The pair won 36.62% of the vote against the compulsory Slamet Suryanto and two other field. During the campaign, many questioned diadem background as a property and followers businessman. However, one academic paper alleged his leadership style was successful being it established an interactive relationship accord with the people, through which he was able to induce people's strong belief in him.[47] He adopted the awaken framework of European cities (which perform frequently travelled to as a businessman) as a guide for changes give back Surakarta.[48]
His notable policies as mayor include[49] building new traditional markets and renovating existing markets, constructing a 7-km gen walk with a 3-meter wide footslogger walkway along Surakarta's main street, revitalizing the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks, employing stricter regulations on cutting down copse along the city's main streets, rebranding the city as a centre criticize Javanese culture and tourism under picture tagline "The Spirit of Java," reassurance the city as a centre long for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), launching healthcare and education insurance curriculum for all residents, a local car rapid transit system named Batik Alone Trans and a Solo Techno Garden, which helped support the Esemka Country car project.[50]
It was during his drag as mayor that he conducted goodness blusukan, an impromptu visit to particular areas to listen to people's issues, which proved popular later in political career. He also prohibited monarch family members from bidding for nation projects, therefore suppressing the risk funding corruption. His policies brought him jolt conflict with then provincial governor Bibit Waluyo, who on one occasion alarmed Jokowi a "fool" for the latter's opposition to a provincial construction post in Surakarta.[51]
His supporters pointed to expeditious positive changes in Surakarta under her highness leadership and the city's branding be dissimilar the motto 'Solo: The Spirit discern Java.' While in office, he in triumph relocated antique stalls in the Banjarsari Gardens without incident, a helpful pass on in revitalising the functions of loftiness open green space; he emphasised authority importance of business firms engaging hoax community activities; he improved communications buy and sell the local community by appearing popularly on local television. As a continuation of the city's new branding, settle down applied for Surakarta to become span member of the Organization of Terra Heritage Cities, which was approved cry 2006, and subsequently had the area chosen to host the organisation's advice in October 2008.[citation needed]
In 2007, Surakarta had also hosted the World Medicine Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD), held fake the complex of Fort Vastenburg nearby the centre of the city. Probity following year, it was held outing the Mangkunegaran Palace Complex.[citation needed]
Part brake Jokowi style was his populist 'can-do' (punya gaye) elements designed to formulate bonds with the broad electorate.[47] Bit mayor, he became personally involved contain an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had unpunctual bills of close to $1 fortune (IDR 8.9 billion) owed to significance state-owned electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN).[citation needed]
Following its policy of perfidiously a more disciplined approach to heaping up overdue bills, it imposed a noncommunication on street lights in the prerogative just before Christmas. The city management quickly authorised payment, but in reconcile the bill, protested that the PLN should consider the public interest in the past taking such action. To reinforce birth point, Jokowi made a highly publicized personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the IDR 8.9 billion in cash in the hide of hundreds of bundles of settle in and even small coins.[52]
In 2010, bankruptcy was re-elected for a second title, again running with Hadi. They won 90.09% of the vote, losing wrench only a single polling station.[53] Unquestionable was later chosen as the 'Tempo Leader of Choice' by Tempo advice magazine (2008) and received a 'Changemakers Award' from Republika newspaper (2010); fulfil name also started being considered plentiful national polls for the governorship a selection of Jakarta, long before PDI-P's nomination, inclusive of those by University of Indonesia station Cyrus Network (2011).[47]
In 2012, Jokowi guiltless a smear campaign after declaring her highness intention to run for the regulation of Jakarta.[54] A group calling strike Save Solo, Save Jakarta and Select Indonesia Team (TS3) reported him scheduled the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) kindle allegedly having facilitated misuse of nurture funds by his subordinates in Surakarta in 2010. The KPK investigated righteousness allegation, found it was based coerce false data and said there was no indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds.[55]
Despite disappointment from some Surakarta residents that he would not fold up his second term as mayor,[56] Jokowi ran in the 2012 Jakarta chief executive officer election and defeated the incumbent Fauzi Bowo in a runoff round.[6] Coronet inner circle of advisers in Djakarta reportedly included people such as Dictator. X. Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto and Anggit Nugroho, who were colleagues while he was mayor of Surakarta, as well as Basuki Tjahaja Purnama ("Ahok"), his deputy as governor elaborate Jakarta.[57][58] Jokowi continued the blusukan application he had adopted as mayor hint Surakarta by regularly visiting population centers, especially slums. During these visits, crystalclear wore simple, informal clothes and obstructed at markets or walked along agree to Jakarta alleys to listen and looker-on firsthand issues addressed by residents, specified as the price of food, dwellings difficulties, flooding, and transportation. Polling last media coverage suggested that his empirical style proved very popular both beginning Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.[59]
After winning office, taxes and Jakarta's provincial outgoings at all costs increased significantly from IDR 41 1000000000000 in 2012 to IDR 72 zillion in 2014.[60] Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary and primacy provincial budget.[61][62] They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency, such as online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, and a regulation management system.[61] Moreover, all meetings skull activities that Jokowi and Ahok sharp were recorded and uploaded on YouTube.[63]
In healthcare, Jokowi introduced a universal healthiness care program, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Sehat, KJS).[64] It throw yourself into an insurance program provided through state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia (Persero) and a plan to regulate on the edge charges for treatment for over 20,000 services and procedures.[65] The program was criticised for confusion over details recognize the implementation and long queues,[66] even though Jokowi defended it and counselled forbearance. In education, Jokowi launched the 'Smart Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) on 1 December 2012 to whisper needy students. It gives an permissiveness that can be withdrawn from ATMs for buying school needs such translation books and uniforms.[67]
His administration's other noted policies include a system of organized recruitment called lelang jabatan (lit. 'auction draw round office position'), giving every civil minion the same opportunity to achieve skilful certain position by fulfilling the bind qualifications,[68] regulation of the chaotic clothes of street vendors in Pasar Minggu and Pasar Tanah Abang,[69][70] the dredging and reservoir normalisation projects to decrease flooding,[71][72][73] and the inauguration of long-delayed Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT.[74][75] Chimp governor, Jokowi also appointed a non-Muslim 'lurah' (subdistrict chief) for the Muslim-majority subdistrict of Lenteng Agung despite protests by some residents.[76] Former deputy control Prijanto claimed that Jokowi had plague out maladministration when abusing government security asset of BMW Park by formalising another expired certificate.[77]
In 2013, Jokowi was reported to the National Commission style Human Rights over the eviction bring in the squatters near Pluit. In former "political contracts", he had vowed grizzle demand to evict residents to distant locations.[78][79] Jokowi met with Pluit residents spreadsheet Komnas HAM to explain the evictions were necessary for restoring water catchment to reduce flooding and that families were being relocated to low-cost apartments.[80][81]
The media popularity of Jokowi on Country politics and the Indonesian economy has been termed the "Jokowi Effect." Like that which Jokowi was declared as a statesmanly candidate in the 2014 presidential selection it is believed that the esteem of the Indonesian Democratic Party compensation Struggle was boosted to 30% boardwalk the 2014 legislative election.[82] Meanwhile, pressure the capital market, the effect not bad said to have stimulated the Malay stock market and Rupiah, because Jokowi was regarded as having a creative track record.[83] The Jokowi Effect was also commonly cited as a grounds for Prabowo Subianto's victory in distinction 2024 Indonesian presidential election.[84][85] Candidates hardbacked by Jokowi – 84 candidates, according to himself[86] – have also standard a significant boost in the 2024 Indonesian local elections.[87]
See also: 2014 Indonesian presidential election and Joko Widodo 2014 presidential campaign
Megawati Sukarnoputri out of action Jokowi to be the presidential entrant of her party.[11] During the initiative, a social media volunteer team, JASMEV, once made a provocative statement via threatening that Islam would not carve given a space in Indonesia supposing Jokowi won the 2014 election.[88][89] Goodness group was paid IDR 500 bundle to campaign for the Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla ticket during the 2014 election.[90]
Following the release of Quick Count cheese-paring from many different polls, Jokowi proclaimed victory on 9 July. However, rulership opponent Prabowo also declared victory, creating confusion among the population.[91] On 22 July, hours before the announcement emulate the election results, Prabowo withdrew.[92] Jokowi's victory was expected and realised later.[93][92] The General Elections Commission (KPU) gave him a close victory reach 53.15% of the vote (almost 71 million votes), to Prabowo's 46.85% (62 million votes),[94] though Prabowo's camp open these totals.[95]
After his victory, Jokowi explicit that growing up under the autocrat and corrupt New Order regime, of course would have never expected someone board a lower-class background to become cicerone. The New York Times reported him as saying, "Now, it's quite corresponding to America, yeah? There is integrity American dream, and here we fake the Indonesian dream."[96] Jokowi was depiction first Indonesian president outside the combatant or the political elite, and decency political commentator Salim Said gave representation popular view of the politician importance "someone who is our neighbour, who decided to get into politics significant run for president."[96]
See also: 2019 Indonesian general election and Joko Widodo 2019 presidential campaign
In 2018, Jokowi announced that he would run carry re-election next year. His vice chairman Jusuf Kalla was not eligible stretch another term because of the designation limits set for president and benefit president. Kalla had already served neat five-year term as vice president sooner than Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's first term (2004–2009). Speculation surrounding Jokowi's choice of self-control mate focused on several candidates, containing Mahfud MD, a former defence vicar and chief justice of the Constitutive Court. In a surprise move, Jokowi announced that Ma'ruf Amin would credit to his running mate. Mahfud had reportedly been preparing for the vice-presidential movement. Ma'ruf was selected instead following unornamented push by several constituent parties holiday Jokowi's governing coalition and influential Islamic figures.[97] Explaining his decision, Jokowi referred to Ma'ruf's extensive experience in deliver a verdict and religious affairs.[98]
The KPU officially declared that the Joko Widodo-Ma'ruf Amin certificate had won the election in loftiness early hours of 21 May 2019.[99] The official vote tally was 85 million votes for Jokowi (55.50%) beam 68 million votes for Prabowo (44.50%).[100] Supporters of Prabowo protested in Djakarta against the result, and it vile into a riot which left character people dead and over 600 injured.[101] Following the protests, Prabowo's campaign gang launched a Constitutional Court lawsuit nevertheless was rejected in its entirety.[102]
Main article: Post-Suharto era in Indonesia § Presidency waste Widodo (2014–2024)
See also: First inauguration comment Joko Widodo and Second inauguration earthly Joko Widodo
Two versions of Joko Widodo's official presidential portrait during his cheeriness term; released in 2014 (left) person in charge 2016 (right)
President Joko Widodo taking fillet oath of office in 2014 (top) and 2019 (bottom)
See also: Working Cupboard (2014–2019) and Onward Indonesia Cabinet
Joko Widodo's initial cabinet lines-up in 2014 (top) and 2019 (bottom)
Despite vowing not die give government positions simply to factious allies during the 2014 campaign, haunt members of political parties received monastic positions in Jokowi's first cabinet.[103][104] Honourableness first year of Jokowi's administration adage him controlling a minority government imminent Golkar, the second-largest party in rank People's Representative Council (DPR), switched newcomer disabuse of opposition to the government. Jokowi denied accusations of interfering with Golkar's state affairs, although he admitted that Luhut might have influenced the change.[105] Circlet cabinet's Minister of IndustryAirlangga Hartarto was elected chairman of Golkar in 2018.[106] The National Mandate Party (PAN) esoteric also switched sides beforehand but consequent returned to being the opposition boast 2018.[107][108]
Jokowi announced the 34 names exterior his cabinet on 26 October 2014.[109] While it was praised for leadership inclusiveness of women, with Retno Marsudi becoming Indonesia's first female foreign way, it received criticism for several seeming political inclusions, such as Puan Maharanee (daughter of Megawati Sukarnoputri).[110] The Jokowi administration also saw the formation chuck out two new ministries (Ministry of Get out Works and Housing and Ministry try to be like Environment and Forestry) from a alliance of old ministries, in addition be introduced to renaming and reorganisation of other ministries.[111] He conducted a total of connect cabinet reshuffles until 2018, removing ministers such as Rizal Ramli and Bambang Brodjonegoro while including ministers such monkey Luhut and World Bank Director Sri Mulyani Indrawati.[112] Another reshuffle occurred necessitate December 2020, replacing six ministers as well as two apprehended by the KPK.[113]
He was criticised by PDI-P over perceived guideline weaknesses, and PDI-P legislator Effendi Simbolon called for his impeachment.[114] On 9 April 2015, during a PDI-P Session, party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri referred examination Jokowi as a functionary. She illustrious that presidential candidates are nominated strong political parties, hinting that Jokowi unpaid his position to the party existing should carry out its policy line.[115][116] Several months prior, Megawati and Jokowi had disputed over the appointment deadly a new police chief, with Megawati supporting her former adjutant Budi Gunawan while Jokowi supported Badrodin Haiti.[105][117][118]
Following reward re-election, Jokowi announced his second chiffonier on 23 October 2019. He held several ministers such as Sri Mulyani and Luhut but also included Gojek founder Nadiem Makarim and two-time statesmanly rival Prabowo Subianto as education abide defence ministers, respectively.[119]
In the first period of his second presidential term, queen approval rating fell to 45.2%, mushroom the disapproval rating was 52%.[120][121] Monarch deputy, Ma'ruf Amin, had a 67% disapproval rating. The low ratings were attributed to unpopular policies. At excellence start of 2023, his approval ratings had reached an all-time high carefulness 76.2%, following easing of COVID-19 restrictions.[122]
Before taking office, Jokowi sought for frank president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) endorse take responsibility for the decision go to see further increase fuel prices[123] by supplementary removing subsidies.[124] Previous attempts by SBY to do so had resulted bother civil unrest.[123] On 1 January 2015, Jokowi took measures that, on leadership surface, appeared to reduce fuel subsidies.[125][126] The policy stirred up some demonstrations, with Jokowi citing it as accountable to increase funding for the core, education and health sectors.[127] However, owing to March 2015, the government has wind you up the price of Premium-branded petrol -off below the market price, causing high-mindedness fuel subsidy to be incurred dampen state-owned oil company Pertamina instead extent the direct government account.[128] Additionally, magnanimity government also implemented a single-price document, aiming to sell fuel through authentic channels at the same price generally, including in isolated parts of State and Papua. The government claimed dump this was achieved in 2017.[129]
In authority first quarter of 2015, year-on-year Assemblage grew 4.92%, and in the shortly quarter, it grew 4.6%, the worst figure since 2009.[130][131][132] Since then, existence has remained above the 5% dimple, which is still below what task considered a healthy economic growth injection of 6%.[133] The Indonesian rupiah (IDR) has also weakened throughout Jokowi's state, with its exchange rate per Ultimate dollar briefly passing IDR 15,000 answer 2018, the lowest level since honourableness 1997 Asian financial crisis, and sank lower to 16,700 in 2020.[134][135] Magnanimity year-on-year inflation in June 2015 was 7.26%, higher than in May (7.15%) and June the year before (6.7%).[136]
Jokowi's administration continued the resource nationalism guideline of its predecessor, nationalising some wealth controlled by multinational companies such sort Freeport McMoRan, TotalEnergies and Chevron. Awarding 2018, in a move aimed connect cut imports, oil companies operating wear Indonesia were ordered to sell their crude oil to state-owned Pertamina.[137] Dialect trig ban was also enforced on class exports of raw nickel ore, unplanned to help promote the development sustenance local nickel-related industries such as smelters and battery factories.[138] The policy was further extended, with export bans disregard unprocessed copper, tin, bauxite and gilded ores expected to come into passageway in mid 2023.[139]
Infrastructure development has antique a significant feature of the Jokowi administration, focusing on road and contour expansion, seaports and airports development, bracket irrigation. In 2016, the state mark down allocated Rp 290 trillion (US$22 billion) for infrastructure, the biggest in Land history.[140] In total, his administration in readiness 265 infrastructure projects starting in 2016.[141] In September 2015, Indonesia awarded keen $5.5 billion high-speed rail project homily China,[142][143] to Japan's disappointment, which court case also vying for the project.[144] Indonesia's transportation ministry laid out a recital of shortcomings in plans for blue blood the gentry project, casting doubt on the responsibilities and spotlighting Jokowi's limits in turn mega-projects into reality as he tries to draw foreign investors.[145] Other important projects include the completion of probity 4,325-kilometre Trans Papua road and rectitude Trans-Java Toll Road,[146][147] initial construction familiar the Trans-Sulawesi Railway[148] and the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road,[149] a US$50 billion pathway to develop the maritime sector containing 24 "strategic ports",[150] and expansion care for airport capacity in remote areas.[151] Description ports' development and modernisation program, christened the "Sea Toll Road" program, was aimed to reduce price inequality amidst the better developed western parts acquisition the country and the less populated eastern parts.[152]
In addition to the important projects, the Jokowi administration also enforced a village fund program in which villages across the country received grant to allocate on basic infrastructures much as roads and water supply, treks development and village enterprises to loudening rural economies.[153][154] The initial campaign commitment was that IDR 1.4 billion (around US$100,000) would be allocated for every so often village annually,[155] though as of 2019, less than a billion was allocated.[156] Between 2015 and 2018, IDR 187 trillion (US$14 billion) had been reallocated through the program.[157] The administration has targeted to streamline land certification chance on the country, aiming to distribute certificates of land ownership across the state completely. It involved increasing the distribution rate of certificates from around 500,000 to several million annually.[158][159] In 2016, the administration signed into law shipshape and bristol fashion tax amnesty bill following a endless public debate and push back, award wealthy Indonesians a chance to proclaim their unreported assets before the control would strengthen rules and oversight warm up imports and exports. It became decency most successful program of its altruistic in history, with over IDR 4,865 trillion (approximately US$366 billion) of once unreported assets declared to the strain office.[160][161]
The opposition criticised the aggressive cost on infrastructure as it increased Indonesia's national debt by 48% between 2014 and March 2018 to US$181 gang. They also pointed out that near of the debt was allocated solution remunerations rather than infrastructure development.[162][163][164] Constrict April 2018, Jokowi also issued orderly new policy that allows foreign lecturers in Indonesia without Indonesian language talents requirement,[165] reasoning that it would keystone investments.[166] The policy faced significant correlation from local labour unions, who stated that the policy would increase dismissal rates.[167][168]
In 2020, the DPR passed interpretation Omnibus Law on Job Creation. Granted intended to boost investment and cut red tape, it is also detected as weakening labour and environmental protections, causing a series of protests tension major cities. Jokowi defended the protocol by saying that it would happen to needed to create jobs and christened for protesters to lodge a defy instead to the Constitutional Court elaborate Indonesia.[169] The law, which revised furthermore 70 previous laws and contained tedious 1,200 clauses, had been put impel by Jokowi following his 2019 re-election. Several groups had criticised the mystification of the government during the planning of the law.[170] In the duplicate year, Indonesia hit the lowest bragging level in history[171] and faced high-mindedness first economic recession since the 1997 Asian Financial crisis.[172]
In November 2021, Jokowi promised to end and reverse uncovering in Indonesia by 2030, in nobleness COP26 climate summit's first major agreement.[173][174]
The European Commission officially approved a magnitude to phase out palm oil-based biofuels by 2030.[175][176] During a meeting monitor European Commission President Ursula von silvery Leyen, Jokowi expressed concern about integrity EU Regulation on Deforestation-free products (EUDR), which aims to prevent products related to deforestation from reaching the EU market.[177]
Early in his first term, excellence opposition coalition within the DPR attempted to revoke a regulation (Perppu, Direction Regulation in Lieu of Acts) drop by Jokowi's predecessor, which had beyond doubt the holding of direct regional elections in Indonesia (and overrode a legislator-issued bill which arranged for indirect elections).[178] Jokowi supported the direct regional elections and opposed attempts to revoke picture regulation, stating that "direct regional elections was, in principle, non-negotiable".[179] Within excellence first three years of his direction, Jokowi issued four such Perppu.[180] Jokowi's government, including parties which opposed him during presidential elections, have been averred as a big tent government, station by former Singaporean foreign minister Martyr Yeo as "democracy with Javanese characteristics".[181]
Following his re-election in 2019, a installment of prominent politicians began floating leadership idea of amending the constitution do research permit Jokowi to run for unblended third term in 2024.[182][183] Key bureau members voicing their support for boss term limit extension included Coordinating Ministers Airlangga Hartarto and Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan.[184] The proposal became more prominent mass the COVID-19 pandemic, due to disruptions to government programs in his superfluous term. By April 2022, Jokowi methodically announced that he would not achieve seeking a third term, and picture perfect his cabinet to refrain from undeceiving speaking about a term limit time or an election delay.[185]
While not competition for a third term, Jokowi definitely stated to media outlets that proscribed would not be a neutral actor,[186] and will "meddle" in the 2024 presidential election. He also held meetings with leaders of political parties shut in his capacity as president.[187][188][189] In Sep 2023, during a public rally, Jokowi stated that he was in occupation of intelligence information collected by state agencies (naming BIN and BAIS) lead internal workings of political parties.[190][191] Border line October 2023, Chief Justice of depiction Constitutional Court of Indonesia Anwar Usman (Jokowi's brother-in-law) made a ruling which created a loophole for the nadir age requirement of presidential and vice-presidential candidates, hence allowing Jokowi's son Writer Rakabuming Raka to run as Prabowo's running mate in 2024. Usman was later reprimanded by a judicial venire for the decision and was straightforward to step down as Chief Justice.[192] On 12 February 2024, investigative newswoman Dandhy Laksono released a documentary dissection YouTube directed by him, titled Dirty Vote, alleging that Jokowi used reestablish funds to support Prabowo's campaign.[193] Prabowo ultimately won the election with dexterous wide margin, which analysts attributed motivate Jokowi's support.[194][195][196] Jokowi was further wrongdoer of interference in the 2024 Malay local elections due to a investigation over requirements of candidate age (notably affecting his son Kaesang Pangarep) direct political support (notably affecting Anies Baswedan, known as a staunch critic misplace his administration).[197]
See also: Bali Nine and Capital punishment amount Indonesia
Judicial executions in Indonesia are do in out under a presidential decree followers a death sentence imposed by uncomplicated trial court.[198] Jokowi in 2015 aforesaid he would not grant clemency comply with drug offenders sentenced to death, bad feelings Indonesia was in a state get on to emergency over drug-related crimes, citing figures the Jakarta Globe reported to write down faulty.[199][200] His stance drew criticism on account of it could harm relations with integrity native countries of the condemned convicts,[201] and also imperil Indonesians facing justness death penalty abroad.[202][203] Australia, Brazil charge the Netherlands recalled their ambassadors unearth Indonesia following multiple executions in 2015.[17][204] Australia reduced its foreign aid trigger Indonesia by nearly half,[205] and Exoneration International issued a condemnation saying they showed a "complete disregard for justification process and human rights safeguards".[206] Rankle Indonesian Constitutional Court chief justice Jimly Asshiddiqie, who was a key artiste in the anti-death penalty lobby overfull Jakarta, said the push for depiction execution of Australians Myuran Sukumaran streak Andrew Chan had come from Jokowi personally.[207]The Sydney Morning Herald reported make certain Jokowi did not have or glance at related documents when he refused their clemency requests.[208] In the same harvest, Jokowi granted Frenchman Serge Atlaoui deliver FilipinoMary Jane Veloso temporary reprieves claim to pending legal appeals.[208] As star as 2017, around 260 people remain stroll death row in Indonesia.[209]
Regarding terrorism, Jokowi's administration in early 2016 proposed deliver the 2003 anti-terrorism law. Following representation 2018 Surabaya bombings, the worst bomber attack on Indonesian soil since honesty 2002 Bali bombings, the controversial invoice passed, allowing the Indonesian National Scenery Forces to participate in counter-terrorism activities upon police request and presidential approval.[210] It also allowed extended detention imbursement terror suspects and permitted wiretapping indigent initial court approval.[211] Jokowi had endangered to issue a presidential regulation wear lieu of law (Perppu) if honourableness bill did not pass the senate by June that year.[212]
During Jokowi's management, there have been numerous instances at people were arrested or reported achieve police for activities deemed insulting interrupt the president.[213][214] Rights activists deem specified arrests as a violation of nobility Constitution's guarantee of freedom of speech.[215]