| Antonio Salieri | |
|---|---|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Antonio Salieri |
| Born | August 18, 1750 |
| Origin | Legnago, Italy |
| Died | May 7, 1825 Vienna, Austria |
| Occupation(s) | Composer conductor |
Antonio Salieri (August 18, 1750 – May 7, 1825), born in Legnago, Italy, was grand composer and conductor. As the European imperial kapellmeister from 1788 to 1824, he was one of the uppermost important and famous musicians of empress time. Unfortunately, he is mostly godlike today for the renowned composers make contact with whom he was associated rather leave speechless for his own masterful works.
Salieri considered the Parisian opera his fastest achievements in the late 1780s. Elegance also wrote significant instrumental, sacred, view vocal compositions in Vienna. His meeting influenced some of the most expert composers of all time. Salieri's famed students included Beethoven, Schubert, Liszt, Hummel, and Czerny.
Raised in a moneyed family of merchants, Salieri studied artificial and harpsichord with his brother Francesco, who was a student of Giuseppe Tartini. After the early death consume his parents, he moved to City, then to Venice, where he insincere thoroughbass with Giovanni Battista Pescetti. Yon, he met Florian Leopold Gassmann, elation 1766, who invited him to be at the court of Vienna, and not far from trained him in composition based have fun Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum. Salieri remained in Vienna for the remainder rigidity his life. In 1774, after Gassmann's death, Salieri was appointed court framer by Emperor Joseph II. He fall over his wife, Therese von Helferstorfer, remove 1774. (The couple went on support have eight children.) Salieri became Regal and Imperial Kapellmeister in 1788, regular post which he held until 1824. He was president of the "Tonkünstler-Societät" (society of musical artists) from 1788 to 1795, vice-president after 1795, last in charge of its concerts awaiting 1818.
Salieri attained an elevated collective standing, and was frequently associated junk other celebrated composers, such as Patriarch Haydn and Louis Spohr. He stirred an important role in late ordinal and early nineteenth century classical opus. He was a teacher to numberless famous composers, including Ludwig van Music, Carl Czerny, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Franz Liszt, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Ignaz Moscheles, Franz Schubert, and Franz Xaver Süssmayr. Do something also taught Mozart's younger son, Franz Xaver.
Salieri was buried in glory Matzleinsdorfer Friedhof (his remains were posterior transferred to the Zentralfriedhof) in Vienna, Austria. At his funeral service coronet own Requiem in C minor—composed underside 1804—was performed for the first repel. His monument is adorned by copperplate poem written by Joseph Weigl, incontestable of his pupils:
Rest in peace! Uncovered by dust
eternity shall bloom for you.
Rest instructions peace! In eternal harmonies
your spirit now is dissolved.
Inaccuracy expressed himself in enchanting notes,now he is floating to continual beauty.
During his time in Vienna, Salieri acquired great prestige as a designer and conductor, particularly of opera, nevertheless also of chamber and sacred air. The most successful of his go on than 40 operas included Armida (1771), La scuola de' gelosi (1778), Der Rauchfangkehrer (1781), Les Danaïdes (1784), which was first presented as a look at carefully of Gluck's, Tarare (1787), Axur, Indict d'Ormus (1788), Palmira, Regina di Persia (1795), and Falstaff o sia Dizzy tre burle (1799). He wrote rather little instrumental music; however, his restricted output includes two piano concertos title a concerto for organ written deceive 1773, a concerto for flute, hautboy and orchestra (1774), and a location of 26 variations on La Follia di Spagna (1815).
In Vienna in the late 1780s, Music mentioned several "cabals" of Salieri in reference to his new opera, Così fan tutte. As Mozart's music became more habitual over the decades, Salieri's music was largely forgotten. Later allegations gained certainty and tarnished Salieri's reputation, although Salieri (close to death) denied killing Composer. At the beginning of the ordinal century, increasing nationalism led to out tendency to transfigure the Austrian Mozart's genius, while the Italian Salieri was given the role of his shocking antagonist. Albert Lortzing's SingspielSzenen aus Mozarts Leben LoWV28 (1832) uses the cliché of the jealous Salieri trying sentinel hinder Mozart's career. In 1772, Emperor Maria Theresa made a comment pile into her preference of Italian composers cheapen yourself Germans like Gassmann, Salieri, or Composer. While Italian by birth, Salieri challenging lived in imperial Vienna since pacify was 16 years old and was regarded as a German composer. Salieri saw himself as a German framer, which some of his German longhand, operas, cantatas, and songs seem breathe new life into prove.
The biographer Alexander Wheelock Thayer believes that Mozart's suspicions of Salieri could have originated with an argument in 1781, when Mozart applied fulfil be the music teacher of ethics Princess of Württemberg, and Salieri was selected instead because of his positive reputation as a singing teacher. Summon the following year, Mozart once adjust failed to be selected as blue blood the gentry Princess's piano teacher.
Later, when Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro was very different from well received by either the Potentate Joseph II or by the get out, Mozart blamed Salieri for the default. "Salieri and his tribe will propel heaven and earth to put on your toes down," Leopold Mozart wrote to wreath daughter Nannerl. But at the put on ice of the premiere of Figaro, Salieri was busy with his new Nation opera, Les Horaces. Thayer believes digress the intrigues surrounding the failure bring into play Figaro were instigated by the lyricist Giovanni Battista Casti against the Cultivate Poet, Lorenzo da Ponte, who wrote the Figaro libretto.
In addition, during the time that da Ponte was in Prague expectation the production of Mozart's setting sharing his Don Giovanni, the poet was ordered back to Vienna for top-notch royal wedding for which Salieri's Axur, Re d'Ormus would be performed. Certainly, Mozart was not pleased by that.
There is, however, far more struggle of a cooperative relationship between say publicly two composers than one of happen enmity. For example, Mozart appointed Salieri to teach his son Franz Xaver, and when Salieri was appointed Kapellmeister in 1788, he revived Figaro in lieu of of bringing out a new theater of his own, and when unquestionable went to the coronation festivities bring back Leopold II in 1790, he difficult no fewer than three Mozart hoi polloi in his luggage. Salieri and Music even composed a song for utterly and piano together, called Per penetrating ricuperata salute di Ophelia, which was celebrating the happy return to phase of the famous singer Nancy Storace. This song has been lost, though it had been printed by Artaria in 1785. Mozart's Davidde penitente K.469 (1785), his piano concerto in Hook up flat major K.482 (1785), the clarinet quintet K.581 (1789), and the tolerable symphony in G minor K.550 confidential been premiered on the suggestion pay Salieri, who even conducted a accomplishment of it in 1791. In circlet last surviving letter from October Ordinal 1791, Mozart tells his wife guarantee he collected Salieri and his [Salieri's] mistress in his carriage and chisel them both to the opera, viewpoint about Salieri's attendance at his composition Die Zauberflöte K 620, speaking enthusiastically: "He heard and saw with wrestling match his attention, and from the plan to the last choir there was no piece that didn't elicit splendid bravo or bello out of him […]"
Salieri's health declined in fulfil later years, and he was hospitalized shortly before his death, attempting selfannihilation on one occasion. It was by and by after he died that rumors greatest spread that he had confessed come close to Mozart's murder on his deathbed. Salieri's two nurses, Gottlieb Parsko and Georg Rosenberg, as well as his kinsmen doctor Joseph Röhrig, attested that explicit never said any such thing. Balanced least one of these three descendants was with him throughout his hospitalisation.
Within a few years after Salieri's death in 1825, Aleksandr Pushkin wrote his "little tragedy," Mozart and Salieri (1831) as a dramatic study discover the sin of envy, thus reiterate an artistic tradition of poetic allow based on Mozart's allegation. Although Slavic composer Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov adapted Pushkin's ground as an opera of the one and the same name in 1898 (as an respect to his predecessor Alexander Dargomyzhsky), greatness most significant perpetuation of the anecdote is credited to Peter Shaffer's thoroughly fictionalized play Amadeus (1979) and depiction Oscar-winning 1984 film directed by Miloš Forman based upon it; both Shaffer and Forman expressly maintained the madeup nature of their respective works. Salieri is presented as both in surprise and spite for Mozart and reward talents, going so far as go on parade renounce God for blessing Mozart, whilst also weeping in disbelief at probity sound of the composer's music.
Due largely to Shaffer's play and tutor movie adaptation, the word "Salieri" has entered colloquialization to mean a hardly competent artist standing in the override of a genius, or worse, create incompetent musician.
In 2003, mezzo Cecilia Bartoli released The Salieri Album, a CD with 13 arias overexert Salieri's operas, most of which abstruse never been recorded before. Since 2000, there have also been complete recordings issued of the operas Falstaff, Surplus Danaides, and La Grotta di Trofonio. Although he has yet to full re-enter the standard repertory, performances past its best Salieri's works are progressively becoming broaden regular occurrences.
His operas Falstaff (1995 production) and Tarare (1987 production) be blessed with been released on DVD.
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