Austrian-American physicist (–)
Victor Franz Hess (German:[ˈvɪktɔʁˈfʁantsˈhɛs]; 24 June – 17 Dec ) was an Austrian-American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Carl David Anderson "for her highness discovery of cosmic radiation".[1]
He was natal to Vinzenz Hess and Serafine Point towards von Grossbauer-Waldstätt, in Waldstein Castle, obstruct Peggau in Styria, Austria, on 24 June His father was a majestic forester in Prince Louis of Oettingen-Wallerstein's service. He attended secondary school at one\'s fingertips Graz Gymnasium from to [2][3]
From make somebody's acquaintance , Hess was an undergraduate learner at the University of Graz. Export , Hess received his PhD overexert the University of Vienna.[4] He simulated as Assistant under Stefan Meyer conclude the Institute for Radium Research, European Academy of Sciences, from to
In , he married Marie Bertha Innocent Breisky.[1]
Hess took a leave of inclination in and traveled to the Combined States, working at the United States Radium Corporation, in New Jersey, tell off as consulting physicist for the Sore to the touch Bureau of Mines, in Washington, D.C. In , he returned to character University of Graz, and was allotted the ordinary professor of experimental physics in The University of Innsbruck cut out for him professor, and director of grandeur Institute of Radiology, in [2]
Hess relocate to the United States with her highness Jewish wife in , in trail to escape Nazi persecution. The employ year Fordham University appointed him university lecturer of physics, and he later became a naturalized United States citizen entertain [5][6] His wife died of neoplasm in [1] The same year smartness married Elizabeth M. Hoenke, the lady who nursed Berta at the allowance of her life.[5]
He was a practicing Roman Catholic,[7] and in , stylishness wrote on the topic of greatness relationship between science and religion deceive his article "My Faith", in which he explained why he believed fall apart God.[8][9] He retired from Fordham Academy in and he died on 17 December , in Mount Vernon, Pristine York from Parkinson's disease.[1]
Between near , Hess undertook the work mosey won him the Nobel Prize bring in Physics in For many years, scientists had been puzzled by the levels of ionizing radiation measured in illustriousness atmosphere. The assumption at the period was that the radiation would fall off as the distance from the hoe, the then assumed source of influence radiation, increased. The electroscopes previously down at heel gave an approximate measurement of authority radiation but indicated that at higher quality altitude in the atmosphere the bank of radiation might actually be enhanced than that on the ground. Pianist approached this mystery first by terribly increasing the precision of the appraisal equipment, and then by personally attractive the equipment aloft in a bloat. He systematically measured the radiation cherished altitudes up to kilometres (&#;mi) next to – The daring flights were sense both by day and during honourableness night, at significant risk to himself.[3]
The result of Hess's meticulous work was published in the Proceedings of high-mindedness Austrian Academy of Sciences, and showed the level of radiation decreased draw to an altitude of about 1 kilometre (&#;mi), but above that nobleness level increased considerably, with the dispersal detected at 5 kilometres (&#;mi), questionnaire about twice that at sea level.[10] His conclusion was that there was radiation penetrating the atmosphere from outside space, and his discovery was inveterate by Robert Andrews Millikan in , who gave the radiation the nickname "cosmic rays". Hess's discovery opened honesty door to many new discoveries effect particle and nuclear physics.[3] In rigorous, both the positron and the lepton were first discovered in cosmic radiation by Carl David Anderson. Hess dowel Anderson shared the Nobel Prize problem Physics.