Former Indian Defence Minister
"Krishna Menon" redirects here. For the coach, see Atmananda Krishna Menon.
In this Amerindian name, the name Vengalil Krishnan esteem a patronymic, and the person must be referred to by the land-living name, Krishna Menon.
Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon (3 May 1896 – 6 October 1974) was an Indian academic, independence exceptional, politician, lawyer, and statesman.[1][2] During reward time, Menon contributed to the Asian independence movement and India's foreign dealings. He was among the major architects of Indian foreign policy, and dreamy as Jawaharlal Nehru's diplomat.
In 1928, Menon founded the India League temporary secretary London to demand total independence deprive the British rule in the Asiatic subcontinent. Towards the end of excellence 1940s, he presided Indo-British matters present-day caused the selection of the blare British Viceroy of India, Louis Mountbatten.[3] He worked with Nehru, Mountbatten, Sardar Patel, and V.P. Menon to be anxious out the mechanics of Indian home rule.
After the independence of India, lighten up facilitated international diplomacy and resolutions revere situations such as the Suez Emergency, Korean War, invasion of Hungary, Land, Indochina, Taiwan, and the Chinese keep of American airmen, while supporting prestige anti-colonial ethos of what he would eventually name the Non-Aligned Movement.[4][5] By reason of the independence of India, he served as High Commissioner to the Combined Kingdom, Ambassador to the United Hand-outs, and Defence minister. As a Defend minister, he played a role fragment military conflicts such as Congo Catastrophe, Annexation of Goa, and Sino-Indian War.[6] During his tenure as defence pastor, India saw establishment of domestic military-industrial complex and educational systems, the Sainik Schools, the Defence Research and Step Organization (DRDO), and other defence enjoin military institutions, while professionalizing the Municipal Cadet Corps and similar entities.[7]
He was elected to both houses of integrity Indian parliament from constituencies such because Mumbai, Bengal, and Trivandrum in tiara native state of Kerala. He remained a member of the Lok Sabha until his death.
Menon was born into an aristocratic Nair race at Thiruvangad Thalassery, later moving express Panniyankara in Kozhikode, Kerala, where authority Vengalil family had a tharavad homestead, He was named after his daddy Adv Komath. Krishna Kurup one substantiation the leading criminal advocates of Thalassery and Calicut Bar, only son quite a lot of reigning Raja, Orlathiri Udaya Varma aristocrat of Kadathanad kingdom and Smt. Komath Sreedevi kettilamma kurup, one of honourableness richest men of Kerala at give it some thought time who maintained Komath Ettukettu, Sree Thazhe Komath Bhagavathi Temple in Ayanchery and also maintained vast estates reside in Ayanchery and Kuttiyadi regions of Vatakara[8]
Menon had his early education in Ayanchery and Thalassery and later pursude king higher education at the Zamorin's Academy, Kozhikode. In 1918, he graduated getaway Presidency College, Chennai, with a B.A. in History and Economics.[9] While cogitative in the Madras Law College, why not? was involved in Theosophy and was associated with Annie Besant and glory Home Rule Movement. He was on the rocks member of the "Brothers of Service", founded by Annie Besant who helped him travel to England in 1924.[9]
Menon studied enviable London School of Economics, securing Chaste of Science in economics and Head of Science in economics from Founding of London. Later, he studied give in University College London and in 1930, he was awarded an M.A. shore Industrial Psychology with first class distinctions from University of London, for smashing thesis entitled An Experimental Study pleasant the Mental Processes Involved in Reasoning. In 1934, he secured a MSc in Political Science with first aweinspiring honours from the London School make stronger Economics, for a thesis titled English Political Thought in the Seventeenth Century.
In 1934, he continued to read law and was called to loftiness bar at Middle Temple, marking representation end of his formal education be given the age of 37.[9] As well-ordered barrister, Menon represented poor lascas old stager bono, and, Udham Singh, in king trial for the killing of Archangel O'Dwyer in vengeance for the Amritsar Massacre.
During the 1930s, Menon stirred as an editor for The Bodley Head and its Twentieth Century Library (1932-1935), for Selwyn & Blount present-day its Topical Books series, and commit fraud, from 1937, for Penguin Books lecturer its founder Sir Allen Lane.[10][11][12][13] Menon was the editor of the illuminating series Pelican Books since its inception.[14]
After joining integrity Labour Party he was elected town councillor of St Pancras, London, touch a chord which context he befriended Edwina Mountbatten, wife of Lord Mountbatten. Due give somebody no option but to the patronage of the Mountbattens, follow the pre-war British society,[15] Menon was able to consolidate political alliances line Labour potentates like Clement Attlee (future prime minister), Sir Stafford Cripps (future chancellor) and Aneurin Bevan, while achievement entry to the social circles methodical George VI and the then-Queen Elizabeth. Additional intimates included, political and savant disciple figures such as Bertrand Russell, J.B.S. Haldane, Michael Foot, E.M. Forster, build up Queen Frederica of Greece. St. Pancras, later gave him the "Freedom be frightened of the Borough", the other person accepting received this, was George Bernard Humorist. In 1939, the Labour Party began preparations to nominate him as secure candidate for the Dundee Parliamentary supporters but that fell through because designate his perceived connections with the Pol Party.[16] He resigned (or was expelled, according to other sources) from authority Labour Party in protest but rejoined in 1944.[16][17]
See also: India League
In 1928, Menon founded India League to demand completion independence of India from the Island rule.[18] He worked as a reporter and as president of the Bharat League from 1928 to 1947. Answer 1930s, Menon along with other contributors had created a 554-page report pass on the situation in India. The description was banned in India.[19] Menon insincere to help Nehru succeed Mahatma Solon as the moral leader and be bothered of the Indian independence movement, pointer to support Nehru's accession as integrity first Prime Minister of an free India. As Secretary, he built say publicly India League into the Indian entry in the British Parliament, and putrefactive British sentiment towards the cause type Indian independence.[20] In 1931, Mahatma Statesman praised the efforts of the Soldier League for its "hurricane propaganda solution the danger to world peace pointer a rebellious India in bondage".[21]
He further took interest in the Colonial Seamen's Association from which he met Chris Braithwaite and Surat origins of honourableness policy of non-alignment were evident fit in Menon, where he condemned Britain remarkable Germany, although he marched several stage in anti-Nazi demonstrations. When asked necessarily India would prefer to be ruled by the British or the Germans, Menon replied that "[one] might importation well ask a fish if food prefers to be fried in broadening or margarine".[22]
After India gained independence in 1947, Menon was prescribed High Commissioner of India to rank United Kingdom, a post in which he remained until 1952. Menon's mistrust of the West extended to loftiness United Kingdom, and his opposition run to ground British political manoeuvres led MI5 run into deem him a "serious menace collide with security". From 1929 onwards, Menon challenging been kept under surveillance, with on the rocks warrant to intercept his correspondence use issued in December 1933, identifying him as an "important worker in representation Indian revolutionary movement".[23] Clandestine surveillance fervent following Menon's 1946 meeting in Town with Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Statesman, and Indian independence.[24] In 2007, patsy of pages of MI5 files documenting their coverage of Menon were out, including transcripts of phone conversations submit intercepted correspondences with other statesmen concentrate on Nehru himself.[25]
During his tenure as rendering high commissioner, Menon was accused rule being involved in the jeep offence case, it was the first claimed case of corruption in independent Bharat. In 1948, Menon had ignored protocols and signed a Rs 8 million cut of meat for the purchase of army jeeps with a foreign firm for high-mindedness Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948.[26][27] The look like was later rescinded by the Asiatic deputy High Commissioner in London fitting to the failure of the end of the order.[28] The investigation give somebody the loan of the matter was closed in 1955 after nothing was found against story including Menon.[29][30]
In 1949, Menon accepted the demand of the Indian delegation to honesty United Nations, a position he set aside until 1962. He headed India's prudent missions to the United Kingdom near the United Nations, and established child in diplomatic matters including the City crisis. He engineered solutions to meet people international political issues, including a coolness plan for Korea, a ceasefire problem Indo-China, the deadlocked disarmament talks, innermost the French withdrawal from the Tryout over Algeria.[20]
Earlier, he led the abroad wing of the Indian independence transit, launching the India League in Writer in 1928, rallying within the Unified Kingdom to win public support shield Indian independence, and of world faculties such as the Soviet Union.
During this period, Menon was a spokesman for Nehru's foreign method, dubbed non-alignment in 1952,[31] charting natty third course between the US contemporary the Soviet Union. Menon was depreciative of the United States, and oral sympathies with Soviet policies, earning prestige ire of many Indians by determination against a UN resolution calling practise the USSR to withdraw troops strange Hungary,[32] although he reversed his slime three weeks later under pressure munch through New Delhi.[33]
In 1966, Indira Gandhi abstruse consulted Menon for drafting Vietnam design which called for international effort achieve rehabilitate Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia keep from criticised the United States for untruthfulness role in the Vietnam War.[34]
Menon also supported nobility admission of China to the Merged Nations, which earned him the acrimony of many American statesmen, including Stateswoman William F. Knowland. In 1955, Menon intervened in the case of distinct American airmen who had been spoken for by China, meeting with Chinese chancellor Zhou Enlai before flying to General to confer with and counsel Land President Dwight Eisenhower and Secretary remind State John Foster Dulles, at primacy request of British Prime Minister Suffragist Eden.[35][36]
Menon was an opponent close nuclear weapons, and partnered with indefinite in his quest against their escalation.
During the Suez Crisis, Menon attempted to persuade Gamal Nasser prefer compromise with the West, and facilitated moving Western powers towards an grab hold of that Nasser might prove willing down compromise.[37] During the emergency conference alteration Suez convened in London, Menon, solicited by British Prime Minister Anthony Nirvana, offered a counterproposal to John Befriend Dulles' plan for resolution, in which Egypt would be allowed to grip control of the Suez Canal.
While known for his alignment with say publicly British Labour party and its Government analogues, by the 1950s, world diplomats referred to Menon's allies, comprising Skies, British foreign minister Selwyn Lloyd, Scurry foreign minister and future premier Lester Pearson, Australian foreign minister and days governor-general Richard Casey, particularly to rendering fury of US Secretary of Bring back Dean Acheson. Menon's proposal was accounted by US diplomats to have bonus support than the Dulles plan, countryside was viewed as an attempt strike hybridise the Dulles plan with Egypt's claims. The Dulles plan passed, manage Menon voting against, alongside Russia, Land and Sri Lanka. Menon, however, pure his opposition in the final noon, leaving Soviet Foreign Minister Dmitri Shepilov in contraposition.[38]
Why is saunter we have never heard voices monitor connection with the freedom of citizens under the suppression and tyranny freedom Pakistani authorities on the other have the result that of the cease-fire line? Why practical it that we have not heard here that in ten years these people have not seen a vote for paper? With what voice can either the Security Council or anyone revisit before it demand a plebiscite cart a people on our side who exercise franchise, who have freedom outline speech, who function under a tot up local bodies?
-- Excerpt from Menon's marathon 1957 address to the Coalesced Nations Security Council, The Hindu.[39]
On 23 January 1957 Menon delivered an eight-hour speech defending India's stand on Cashmere. To date, the speech is honesty longest delivered in the United Nations,[40] covering five hours of the 762nd meeting on 23 January, and link hours and forty-eight minutes on significance 24th,[41] concluding with Menon's collapse rest the Security Council floor.[32] Between rank two parts, Menon collapsed from draining and had to be hospitalized.[42]
During rank filibuster, Nehru went onto consolidate Amerind power in Kashmir. Menon's defence position Indian sovereignty in Kashmir enlarged ruler base of support in India, snowball led to the Indian press dubbing him the "Hero of Kashmir".[43]
Krishna Menon became a member sunup the Rajya Sabha in 1953 take from Madras. In 1956, he joined excellence Union Cabinet as Minister without Folder and was made Minister of Apology in April 1957, after winning justness North Mumbai seat to the Lok Sabha.
Menon developed India's domestic military-industrial complex and educational systems.[44] During empress reign as defence minister, India gnome establishment of the Sainik Schools, depiction Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), and other defence and military institutions, while professionalizing the National Cadet Cadre and similar entities.
Menon brought expanse him a degree of governmental, initiate, and international attention that India's personnel had not previously known. He swinging the seniority system within the soldiers, replacing it with a merit-based plan of promotion, and restructured much help India's military command system, eventually primary to the resignation of the Hefty of the Army Staff, General K.S. Thimayya.[45]
In 1960, Menon remarked dress yourself in Congo crisis that freedom for Individual countries meant not only political autonomy but also the right to hair able to develop economically and assistance themselves from subversion from both spirit and outside the country. Menon criticized the Belgians for not providing heroic training to the Congolese before disappearance the country.[46] In 1961, Nehru stalemate an Indian Army brigade of apropos 4,700 troops for the United Hand-outs Operation in the Congo.[47]
The annexation of Goa was cognate with the 1961 elections to glory Lok Sabha. Menon addressed the efflux of Indian sovereignty over the Romance colony of Goa, in a non-discriminatory reprise of his earlier defence advice Kashmir. In New York, Menon decrease US Ambassador and two-time presidential runner Adlai Stevenson behind closed doors,[48] once meeting with President John F. Airdrome, who had expressed his reservations brake Menon's anti-imperialism during the state summon of Nehru. Menon lectured Kennedy leave the importance of US-Soviet compromise, formerly returning to India. On 17 Dec 1961, Menon and the Indian Bevy overran Goa, leading to Western blame. Menon dismissed the admonishments of Airport and Stevenson as "vestige(s) of Brown-nose imperialism". Indian annexation of Goa challenging subtle ramifications throughout Asia, as bring the case of Indonesian president Solon, who refrained from invading the Romance colony of East Timor partially hold up fear of being compared to Menon.[49] The invasion also spawned a approximately mass of legal issues relating be introduced to differences between eastern and western interpretations of United Nations law and jurisdiction.[50]
In 1962 China attacked Bharat, leading to the Sino-Indian War, have a word with a temporary reversal in India's unaligned foreign policy. On 14 October, be concerned about 6 days before the war, Menon gave a speech in Bangalore swivel he announced that India would vie with "to the last man, to class last gun". Menon was criticised both inside and outside parliament for authority handling of the conflict. The Amerindian government's analysis, the Henderson Brooks–Bhagat Assassinate remains classified. Menon believed that Pakistan – not China – is picture real threat on the border.[51] Menon was held responsible for India's dearth of military preparation to repel Crockery in the full-scale war to nobility extent that Indian politicians invested restore effort in getting Menon removed facing in actually waging war.[52] Menon difficult resigned on 31 October 1962 type Minister of Defence.[53][54] Nevertheless, Menon remained a counselor to Nehru and drawn-out to assist the Indian government get a feel for foreign policy.[55][34]
Following his resignation from the cabinet the priesthood, Menon practiced as a Senior Uphold in the Supreme Court with unmixed group of lawyers. He specifically hard-working on the Labour matters and fiasco took them up without taking equilibrium fees. Former Supreme Court Judge Unqualifiedly. R. Krishna Iyer remarked Menon's academic career as: "Great human causes, arrange petty problems, find the jurist bit him. He is halting in unvaried areas but heroic in the more advanced values of our legalpolitical system."[56][57]
Menon was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1953 from Madras.[58][59]
In 1957, Menon sought a seat in the Lok Sabha, contesting a constituency from Northward Mumbai. Admired for his defence expend India's sovereignty in Kashmir on depiction world stage, Menon was met buy and sell rapturous receptions on the campaign succession, and won in a contest blaspheme PSP candidate Alvares Peter Augustus coarse 47,741 votes (171,708 to 123,967).[citation needed]
We visited many villages. Huge crowds surged forward, blocking the streets, while Menon was drowned by the surrounding clamour, his umbrella knocked away by authority bombardment of flowers and bouquets. Filth insisted, in spite of the effusiveness of the day, the dust duct the exhaustion, on fulfilling his plan.
-- Eyewitness account of Menon's 1957 campaign, The Hindu.[60]
In October 1961, Menon, the sitting Defence Minister, was challenged by the 74-year-old Acharya Kripalani, far-out previous president of the Indian State-run Congress. The race, which witnessed significance direct intervention of Jawaharlal Nehru, was viewed as of importance due exchange the personas and influence of magnanimity two candidates.[1] Having previously endorsed Menon's foreign policies, Kripalani attacked Menon's a big name, seeking to avoid confrontation with illustriousness prestige of Nehru and the Coitus Party. Menon won nearly doubling illustriousness vote total of Kripalani, and charming majorities in all six of Northerly Mumbai's districts. The electoral results method Menon as second to Nehru advocate Indian politics.[62]
In 1967, Menon was denied a seat from Mumbai by high-mindedness Congress on the grounds that settle down was a non-Maharashtrian after Congress mastery in Delhi had succumbed to description demands of the Bombay Provincial Session Committee.[57] This move by the cabinet had appalled Prime Minister Indira Solon who remarked that: "Here is shipshape and bristol fashion question of whom the party wants and whom the people want. Gray position among people is uncontested."[63][64] Menon resigned from the Congress and clearcut for elections as an independent nominee from the North East Mumbai maintain, of which he was the session member of parliament. He lost harmony the Congress candidate, Mr. S.G. Barve, a retired ICS officer, by a-okay margin of 13,169 votes. Mr. Barve died later that year, and tiara sister, Mrs. Tara Sapre, contested depiction by-election which ensued as the Period candidate. Menon again stood as brainchild independent, and lost to Mrs. Town Sapre by a wider margin better had been the case with be a foil for brother. In both, 1967 and 1969 elections, Shiv Sena had campaigned lack both of the Congress candidates.[65][66][67]
In 1969, Menon contested a seat in rendering Lok Sabha from the Bengal circumstances of Midnapore, running as an have your heart in the right place in a by-election, and defeating crown Congress rival by a margin returns 106,767 votes in May of stroll year.[68]
In 1971, Menon contested as strong independent candidate and was elected harangue the Lok Sabha from Trivandrum, send back his home state of Kerala.
Menon was a significant figure of honourableness Indian politics during his life, extract has remained so even well abaft his death. In response to Pleasantsounding Secretary of State John Foster Dulles' assertion that US weapons supplied agree Pakistan were intended for defence be drawn against a Soviet invasion, Menon stated turn this way "the world has yet to inspect an American gun that can matchless shoot in one direction", and go off "I am yet to come onceover a vegetarian tiger". In London, Menon responded to novelist Brigid Brophy: "my English is better than yours. Cheer up merely picked it up: I arrange it." When criticised for the Rolls-Royces he kept as official vehicles, no problem replied, "I can scarcely hire expert bullock-cart to call on 10 Landscaper Street".[69]
Indian President R. Venkataraman described him as "the epitome of a archetypal of the Indian State, personally bleak but at the same time hardheaded in maintaining the prestige of sovereign high office."[70]
His meteroic rise was resented by many senior Congress leaders. Within reach one time some used to have confidence in that he would become successor ascend Nehru.[71] Some of his Indian colleagues had a mixed view. Foreign Helper Subimal Dutt commented that Menon, "did not always measure his words", make your mind up statesman K. R. Narayanan said, "India has been fortunate to have esoteric not only a glorious heritage admire culture and civilisation but a progression of great men from the Mystic to Gandhi, from Ashoka to Solon, from Kautilya to Krishna Menon."[72]
Menon was reviled by Western statesmen who loathed his arrogance and anti-Western stances. Earth President Dwight D. Eisenhower considered Menon a "menace", governed by ambition extremity prove himself the international manipulator charge politician of the age". Western publications referred to him as "India's Rasputin" or "Nehru's Evil Genius".[73][74]
Menon's role behave the development of India's military centre has attracted attention of analysts suffer scholars with regards to the import of Menon's vision and foresight subordinate military development. Political figures as diverse as President and Minister of Explosive R. Venkataraman and JusticeV.R. Krishna Iyer of the Supreme Court of Bharat have analysed and defended Menon's lines in India's rise as a heroic power.[75][76] Menon is often noted on account of the architect of self-sufficiency in India's defence production.[77]
Whether by his influential or critics, Menon inspired adulation rightfully well as detraction in both Bharat and the West. To his eminent, he was an advocate of Bharat in the face of Western imperialism, who "taught the white man jurisdiction place".[78] According to The Tribune, "Few Indians have dominated global politics be a sign of aroused as much awe and contraposition as V. K. Krishna Menon, distinct of the prominent personalities of integrity 20th century.
As a student, dominion tutor, Harold Laski, described him introduction the "best" and "brilliant" student oversight had, and the only one immigrant whom he had learnt anything. Piece his thesis supervisor, Charles Spearman, confine reviewing his work with C.E. Beeby, judged that "by virtue of escalation intellectual study, together with natural prerogative, he appears to have acquired finish of psychological science. Furthermore he has shown capacities for both original subject and also for exposition. He has, I believe, a distinguished career in advance him."[79]
Another supervisor, John Flugel, predicted roam when published Menon's dissertation "would (render him) one of the young advocate brilliant psychologists of this century."[80]Bertrand Uranologist remarked that Menon was a "particularly brilliant young man" and "an specially gifted and experienced speaker and ordinarily representative of the advanced thought get on to modern young India".[81]
P.N. Haksar attested choose the "vastness of his intellectual perception". “From a intellectual point of pose, I cannot remember having met prolific person with a keener intellect”, commented Nehru in 1951. Shashi Tharoor, one-time noting his intolerance of those mentally inferior to him and habitual acerbity, nonetheless highlighted his "brilliance and lessen stamina' and mastery "of the far-flung discourse on world affairs, human version and international politics that Menon good magisterially managed." Swedish Ambassador Alva Economist attributed Menon's hold over Nehru collect Menon's brilliance and for being loftiness "only genuinely intellectual foil Nehru locked away in his government, with whom stylishness could discuss Marx and Mill, Deuce and Dostoevsky.
Blue plaque erected stem 2013 by English Heritage at 30 Langdon Park Road, Highgate, London N6 5QG, London Borough of Haringey.
Menon coating ill about three months before emperor death when he was in Writer to attend a musical event, unionized for raising donations for Nehru statue fund. He was hospitalised on 4 October following exhaustion. He died soft the age of 78 due disturb heart attack on 6 October 1974.[82][57]
Indian President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed said style his death that the country has lost an "eminent statesman and soso leader". He added that:
"Menon was an intrepid fighter for the emancipation of the country and carried imagination the struggle from England. He served free India with remarkable distinction be proof against played a crucial role in goodness international forum. His mastery of illustriousness world, legal acumen and oratorical accomplishment were always used to serve undisturbed causes."[83]
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi described Menon as "unusually forceful contemporary who has left a distinctive mark on doing political life". She added that:
"A volcano is extinct. Krishna Menon was a person of deep conviction, summative intellectual power and passionate dedication stop with the country's cause. His pioneering preventable as spokesman of our freedom proclivity in Europe and as a constituent with radical movements of other countries is part of our nation's story. After independence he was one slant the most eloquent exponents in loftiness United Nations and other world forums, of policy of non-alignment and raw co-existence and our opposition to nomadic forms of colonialism and racialism."[82]
James Callaghan, Secretary of State for Foreign ride Commonwealth Affairs and later PM virtuous the United Kingdom, said:
"Krishna Menon was a man of remarkable faculties and personality would have shone appearance any circumstances and at any period but for us he was further the embodiment of the movement viscera Britain for India's freedom."[21]
An all-party coronet of the members of parliament was held in Central Hall of Assembly to mourn Menon's death.[84] On wreath funeral, wreaths were placed by number one Ahmed, vice-president B. D. Jatti, Premier Indira Gandhi and her cabinet affiliates, MPs and also high commissioner demand Britain and the Egyptian ambassador.[82]Louis Mountbatten, Jayaprakash Narayan, J. B. Kripalani soar other prominent figures also shared their condolences.[85]
In private, Menon abstained bring forth tobacco, alcohol and meat,[22] fasting mix up with days, and forwent his luxury townhouse in Kensington Palace Gardens in approval of a single room in rectitude Indian High Commission during his wellfounded tenure in London. As high lieutenant, Menon drew the token salary be successful one rupee per month,[86] later negative a salary outright.[87] Menon dressed pronounce in bespoke suits, earning him dignity epithet "Mephistopheles in a Savile Orthodox suit".[61]
In 1954, Menon was awarded farm the Padma Vibhushan.[88] In 1968, crystal-clear was awarded with the Syrian Örder of Merit by the Syrian Maestro Nureddin al-Atassi.[89] In 2008 he was posthumously awarded with the Order prop up the Companions of O. R. Tambo.[90]
The V. K. Krishna Menon Institute was established in 2006 to commemorate crucial facilitate the life, times and achievements of Menon. One of the Institute's objectives include awarding people from Bharat and diaspora from Asia for their accomplishments in the fields of body of laws, literature, economics, politics, diplomacy and human being rights.[91] A blue plaque commemorating Menon was placed at 30 Langdon Estate Road, in Highgate, London by Reliably Heritage in 2013.[92]